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Video: Richard Nash- The Small Publisher as Community Builder

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By BookBaby author Chris Robley


Richard Nash seems to be everywhere lately. The current issue of Poets & Writers features a Q&A with this very busy editor/publisher/entrepreneur/idea-guy, and recent issues of the same magazine have given major coverage and praise to some of the authors he champions (Portland’s very own Vanessa Veselka among them). Besides that, he’s involved with several projects (Red Lemonade, Small Demons, etc.) that hope to “disrupt” (excuse the buzz-word) the usual way things get written, read, sold, and talked about in the world of publishing. Chief among these noble experiments is Cursor, a social platform that seeks to power the future of independent publishing.

At the 2011 BookExpo America, BookBaby president Brian Felsen interviewed Nash (who has been hailed as “a genius” by Chris Anderson of WIRED Magazine). In this segment, they talk about the limits of literary communities, the cohesiveness of small tribes, and why the literary world needs thousands more publishers, not less.

Check out the full interview HERE.

This BookBaby blog article Video: Richard Nash- The Small Publisher as Community Builder appeared first on and was stolen from BookBaby Blog .


Cartoonist Josh Neufeld: Tell Stories from Your Everyday Life

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By BookBaby author Chris Robley


At the 2011 BookExpo America, BookBaby president Brian Felsen interviewed popular alternative cartoonist Josh Neufeld about storytelling, collaboration, and fatherhood. In this segment, Neufeld talks about how a writer can draw from their everyday life and transform the mundane details into something transcendent.

This BookBaby blog article Cartoonist Josh Neufeld: Tell Stories from Your Everyday Life appeared first on and was stolen from BookBaby Blog .

Advice for Storytellers: Why It’s OK to be BAD at What You Do

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By BookBaby author Chris Robley

This American Life‘s Ira Glass was interviewed a few years ago about what makes a great story. In the interview, he admits that he was a TERRIBLE storyteller for almost ten years; and it was precisely those years of floundering around that helped him develop his skills.

Glass’ ideas about his creative development mirror Malcolm Gladwell’s 10,000 Hour Rule from the book Outliers in which he states that incredible talents from Bill Gates to The Beatles had to put in an incredible effort before they had mastered their fields.

According to Gladwell, this apprenticeship phase requires an average of 10,000 hours working at your craft. The way Ira Glass says it, you get into the game because you’ve got great taste– not because you’re any good; and it takes years and years of work before your output rises to the level of your ambitions. So, in short: Keep writing!

Creativity requires as much dedication as it does inspiration. I’ll bet most of the greats would argue that it takes far MORE dedication than inspiration.

So go easy on yourself if you’re not a genius yet.

-Chris R. at BookBaby

P.S. Here’s Gladwell talking about the 10,000 Hour Rule with Anderson Cooper:

This BookBaby blog article Advice for Storytellers: Why It’s OK to be BAD at What You Do appeared first on and was stolen from BookBaby Blog .

Pixar’s 22 Rules of Storytelling

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By BookBaby author Chris Robley

The animation studio Pixar has produced so many successful films, not because those films are full of fancy visual pyrotechnics (though they often are), but because Pixar’s writers, directors, and animators focus on plot, empathy, and character development above all else.

Pixar storyboard artist Emma Coats provides a glimpse into her own creative process and lists 22 rules for sturdy yet surprising narrative construction.

How to make people care about your charcters: 22 things to remember when writing

#1: You admire a character for trying more than for their successes.

#2: You gotta keep in mind what’s interesting to you as an audience, not what’s fun to do as a writer. They can be v. different.

#3: Trying for theme is important, but you won’t see what the story is actually about til you’re at the end of it. Now rewrite.

#4: Once upon a time there was ___. Every day, ___. One day ___. Because of that, ___. Because of that, ___. Until finally ___.

#5: Simplify. Focus. Combine characters. Hop over detours. You’ll feel like you’re losing valuable stuff but it sets you free.

#6: What is your character good at, comfortable with? Throw the polar opposite at them. Challenge them. How do they deal?

#7: Come up with your ending before you figure out your middle. Seriously. Endings are hard, get yours working up front.

#8: Finish your story, let go even if it’s not perfect. In an ideal world you have both, but move on. Do better next time.

#9: When you’re stuck, make a list of what WOULDN’T happen next. Lots of times the material to get you unstuck will show up.

#10: Pull apart the stories you like. What you like in them is a part of you; you’ve got to recognize it before you can use it.

#11: Putting it on paper lets you start fixing it. If it stays in your head, a perfect idea, you’ll never share it with anyone.

#12: Discount the 1st thing that comes to mind. And the 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th – get the obvious out of the way. Surprise yourself.

#13: Give your characters opinions. Passive/malleable might seem likable to you as you write, but it’s poison to the audience.

#14: Why must you tell THIS story? What’s the belief burning within you that your story feeds off of? That’s the heart of it.

#15: If you were your character, in this situation, how would you feel? Honesty lends credibility to unbelievable situations.

#16: What are the stakes? Give us reason to root for the character. What happens if they don’t succeed? Stack the odds against.

#17: No work is ever wasted. If it’s not working, let go and move on – it’ll come back around to be useful later.

#18: You have to know yourself: the difference between doing your best & fussing. Story is testing, not refining.

#19: Coincidences to get characters into trouble are great; coincidences to get them out of it are cheating.

#20: Exercise: take the building blocks of a movie you dislike. How d’you rearrange them into what you DO like?

#21: You gotta identify with your situation/characters, can’t just write ‘cool’. What would make YOU act that way?

#22: What’s the essence of your story? Most economical telling of it? If you know that, you can build out from there.

What do you think of Emma’s rules for writing a good story? Would you add anything to the list? Let me know in the comments section below.

For more tips on creating a compelling narrative, download our FREE guide:

5 Secrets of Successful Authors

This BookBaby blog article Pixar’s 22 Rules of Storytelling appeared first on and was stolen from BookBaby Blog .

The simple shapes of stories

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By BookBaby author Dawn Field

According to the inimitable Kurt Vonnegut, the shapes of stories can be mapped and graphed. Have you thought about the shape of the story in your book?

Does your book have a good shape and could you draw it?

Kurt Vonnegut developed his theory of the “simple shapes of stories” while a master’s student in anthropology at the University of Chicago. He argued these shapes are straightforward enough to feed into computers. His thesis was rejected for being “just fun” and he left school degree-less, but the concept stands. He was given his master’s degree over a decade later using his novel Cat’s Cradle as a thesis paper, and his works such as the book Slaughterhouse-Five, attest to his legendary skills as an author.

Vonnegut sums up his theory in this short video.

Lecturing onstage, he chalks the shapes while describing them to the audience. Vonnegut, the consummate storyteller, is a delight to watch, evidenced by the audience’s laughter and noises of approval.

Vonnegut uses two axis. He calls the horizontal axis the “B-E axis,” or beginning to end. This makes sense, as the time course of the story is shown from left to right.

The vertical axis he names the “G-I Axis,” or the good and ill fortune axis. The most fortunate events occur at the top of the graph while misfortune rules the depths.

In the video, he overlays the shapes of three classic story types. First, he draws “Man in the Hole.” He explains it doesn’t have to be a man or a hole, per se, it’s just a story of somebody getting in trouble and out of it again. “People love that story,” he quips, “they never get sick of it.”

Second he draws “Boy Meets Girl.” The trajectory follows a “normal boy” hitting the heights of meeting the perfect girl, sinking to the depths of losing her, and then reaching the top of the graph when he gets her back again by the ending.

Finally, he draws the classic Cinderella story, what he calls “the most popular story in western civilization.” Starting at the lowest of lows, the underdog prevails and by the end she achieves “off-the-chart happiness with her prince.”

Vonnegut’s message is that classic stories have clear, simple and beautiful shapes. No matter what the events of a story, every story has a shape. This shape reflects the progression from beginning to end and the shifting fortunes of the main character.

What is the shape of your story?

Is it too simplistic to boil down a short story – much less a book – into this kind of visualization? Not at all. In fact, it’s useful. All good stories boil down to basics. Knowing yours is essential.

  • Where is your protagonist at the start of the story? In the middle? By the end?
  • Does the arc of your story sweep through space to make something simple, yet beautiful?
  • How does your shape compare to the shapes Vonnegut drew? Do you have a classic on hand?

Looking at the shapes Vonnegut draws, one sees that they share a common feature. They hit highs and lows. They soar and fall. They go up and down. They are in constant flux.

The magic of a good story is its sweeping curves. The shifting fortunes of the protagonist causes the shape of the story to use the maximum space allocated. All the curves are a variation of an S-shape and hit highs and lows. This means they don’t cling to particular places in the graph space. They don’t plateau, at least not for long, or slope up or down too gently. They look more like rollercoaster tracks.

Bearing this in mind, is it possible to create shapes that are wrong? Can some shapes fail to engage readers?

Yes. One failed shape would be one that doesn’t run the course. Every story needs a beginning, middle, and end. And if a shape dillydallies around, remaining in the upper or lower half of the graph, it will likely bore the reader. A story that is all happy or all sad won’t work. A great story requires conflict and resolution.

An eloquent shape also has a long-range-trajectory. If it oscillates too much in the near-term, with repeated tiny ups or downs, the arc doesn’t go anywhere. As a rule, there should be long runs of either ups or downs. A “flat-line” shape, will only produce a flatliner story.

Of course, there can be exceptions. Vonnegut describes these shapes and more in his book, A Man Without a Country. The shape of Hamlet is a flat line. And Kafka’s stories start the protagonist at the bottom of the graph of ill-fortune and then quickly drop him further down.

You, as an author, must understand the shape of your story. It is possible to create an unusual story shape, as Shakespeare and Kafka did, but most stories fit archetypal shapes. As Vonnegut says, you might be the next millionaire if you create a brilliant, fresh version of the Cinderella story.

 

How To Guide for Authors

 

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This BookBaby blog article The simple shapes of stories appeared first on and was stolen from BookBaby Blog .

Make The Most of Your Writing: Simple Ways To Repurpose Content

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By BookBaby author Roy Olende

A simple and effective approach to getting exposure for your book is to repurpose content you’ve created for different media. This tactic introduces your writing to a wide variety of people, some of whom might just buy your book!

Getting readers exposed to your writing is harder than it has ever been before. Aside from the millions of books published annually, there are over 150 million blog sites in existence today. Content is everywhere, so it is really important to be strategic with your marketing efforts.

One simple and effective approach is repurposing your writing for different media. This tactic exposes your writing to a wide variety of people, some of whom might just buy your book! Here’s how you can make it happen.

1. Create a visual story

Soon after Matthew Inman purchased a Tesla Model S, he fell deeply in love with it. He adored his new car so much, he decided to write a story about it — a visual story.

Inman created a humorous cartoon that covered everything from how he renamed his Tesla to how many days it had been since he’d stopped at a gas station.

repurpose content Tesla 1repurpose content Tesla 2

 

Of course, his story would still have been interesting if it were just plain text, but the drawings made it so much easier to read, and more hilarious too.

This is a great example of why visual storytelling is so effective. Images have been shown to drive increased engagement in everything from social media to keynote sessions. For example:

How might this work with your book?
One simple method you could try is creating a series of images using a passage from your writing.

I’ll use an example from one of my favorite essays, “Father Forgets” by W. Livingston Larned. Here’s a snippet from the first few paragraphs.

Listen, son: I am saying this as you lie asleep, one little paw crumpled under your cheek and the blond curls stickily wet on your damp forehead. I have stolen into your room alone. Just a few minutes ago, as I sat reading my paper in the library, a stifling wave of remorse swept over me. Guiltily, I came to your bedside.

There are the things I was thinking, son: I had been cross to you. I scolded you as you were dressing for school because you gave your face merely a dab with a towel.

Using a tool called Pablo, I created the following series of images in just 4 minutes. They can easily be shared over Facebook, Twitter, or whatever social channel you prefer.

repurpose content father 1repurpose content father 2
repurpose content father 3repurpose content father 4

 

You could even create a few blog posts made up exclusively of this type of content.

2. Write a behind-the-scenes blog post

Sharing a behind-the-scenes look at what it takes to write a book would be an incredible resource for aspiring authors.

Lots of people want to write a book, but many don’t know where to start. That’s where you come in – you’ve experienced the highs and lows of writing. You are in the perfect place to pass on important principles that will inspire and equip future writers!

07 SalaryA great example of how this might work comes from the team at Buffer. Buffer practices total salary transparency, where every employee’s income is available for anyone in the world to see (yeah, seriously transparent!). Prospective team members can also calculate what they might earn at Buffer using an online salary calculator.

When Buffer released the second iteration of their salary formula, their founders wrote a lengthy blog post detailing how this process came about. They explained:

  • Why a new salary formula was needed.
  • The components that made up everyone’s salary.
  • Why there were some alterations in the formula for team members in certain parts of the world.
  • How a Buffer salary differs from pay practices at other companies.

This article got Buffer huge exposure. What’s more, it’s inspiring tons of startups and corporations to be more transparent.

How might this work with your book?
There truly are endless options when it comes to divulging the book-writing process. Just think back on any part of the experience, open up about what actually happened, and you’ve got a how-to post!

A few examples include:

  • Sharing the steps between getting from your book idea to writing your first chapter, including snippets from the original draft.
  • Outlining exactly what the editing process looks like once you have finished your first draft, sharing passages in before and after form.
  • Detailing what took the longest time to write and why, including excerpts from those sections.

3. Submit your writing to a publication

In the space of two years, Kimanzi Constable went from working a job he hated and living a life he dreaded to becoming an author and international speaker. And oh, he also moved to Hawaii!

Constable attributes much of his success to a change of mindset, but he also adopted some smart tactics to help him grow his audience of over 30,000 email subscribers and 100,000 book readers.

One approach he’s well known for is writing for larger publications.

“When you write for websites that get millions of visitors, a few of those readers are bound to be curious. They read one of your articles and check out your bio. If the bio matches what you’re writing about, they will click back to your website. If you have a strong freebie for your email list – they’ll take the bait and sign up.

“In the last year and a half of writing for publications, my email list has grown from 3,263 to over 30,000 subscribers.

“One cool feature of most publications is that they have a book widget that allows you to display your books. For the ones that don’t, you can link to your book in your bio. When someone is digging your article, it’s a natural decision for them to get more through your book. It’s one click, and they’re on Amazon buying it.

“In all of my years in this space, it’s one of the most consistent ways I’ve encountered for steady book sales. You even get the big spikes from time-to-time (I’ve had several 2,000-books-sold days when an article went viral).”

Of course, not everyone will see the same results as Constable, but there’s a great lesson to be learned here – it is wise to place your work any place there are lots of eyeballs!

How might this work with your book?
You have lots of options when it comes to submitting your writing to publications:

  • Submit a chapter of your book to websites such as Everyday Fiction, Carve Magazine or any other publication of your choosing.
  • Adapt a section of your book and transform it into an essay or short story.
  • Write a behind-the-scenes post (similar to option #2 above) specifically for a publication.

4. Create a podcast

In the last few years we’ve witnessed the rebirth of audio entertainment, particularly educational and narrative-based podcasts.

Serial, Hardcore History and Welcome to Night Vale are just a few examples of successful audio programs with stories as the centerpiece. We humans can’t help it — we love listening to a good story, and many of us now carry devices that give us access to these tantalizing tales all day long!

Scott Sigler is a great example of someone who created a popular podcast using his writing. Back in 2005, Sigler decided to release his first novel as a podcast. He managed to attract about 10,000 listeners, which then compelled him to create podcasts for his two subsequent books.

Sigler’s explained his podcast-first tactic during an interview with the Independent newspaper.

“The only way to get people’s attention these days is to give them something for free.

“If someone walks into a bookstore, why would they pick up a Scott Sigler when there’s a Stephen King? They won’t. So I give my content away, give readers a chance to try it for free.

“And if they like my stuff, then guess what: they’ll go out and buy the book.”

How might this work with your book?
Contrary to what many people might think, creating a podcast can actually be really easy.

  • Use your mobile phone to record yourself reading passages from your book.
  • Upload your audio files to your blog.
  • Voila! You have a podcast!

Many podcasts are highly produced with down-to-the-millisecond intros and heavy editing, but you can keep things simple. The first episode from The Message is a great example of this in practice – just jump straight into the story without any theatrics.

Of course, if you’re more serious about podcasting long term, you can purchase some very inexpensive equipment to get you started. Here’s a nice run down of what you’ll need from Pat Flynn and a guide for how to podcast books from Mignon Fogarty.

Over to you
Thankfully there are lots of different ways to repurpose your writing. Your options are unlimited, so why not experiment with a few different approaches in the next few weeks?

I’m sure you also have a lot to add into this conversation. I’d love to hear from your personal experiences – how have you used your content to attract more readers?

I’m so interested to read what has and hasn’t worked! Feel free to share your thoughts in the comments section below.

 

Twitter Guide

 

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This BookBaby blog article Make The Most of Your Writing: Simple Ways To Repurpose Content appeared first on and was stolen from BookBaby Blog .

Six Things You Need To Write A Book

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By BookBaby author Dawn Field

Don’t underestimate the commitment it will take to realize your story and write a book. Boil your project down to its core components to see your project through to the end .

Everyone who wants to should be encouraged to write a book, but you should also be aware of what’s ahead. At the highest level, there are some essential components you will need to get your project started and see it through to the end. A book that flounders will likely find its author lacking in one or more of these crucial areas.

Concept

Every book needs a concept. This is the idea at the core of the book. It has to be a topic big and interesting enough to warrant a book-sized treatment. Equally important, it has to be dear enough to you to hold your attention to the end of the project. From concept down to each and every word in your book, the levels of a book hierarchy nest into one other like a set of Russian Dolls. Your concept is the biggest of the dolls and the first one readers see. She needs to be as breathtaking as possible so she lures people to pick her up and look inside.

Premise

Every book needs a premise: it is the specific instance of your concept. Premise is the next smallest Russian doll. You might want to write a book about a superhero. This is your concept. The actual superhero you pick, and her specific adventure, is your premise. The classic way to think about concept and premise is to imagine a series. Take Sherlock Holmes, for example. A detective story is the concept. Each case he cracks is a premise.

Attention to detail 

You have a super concept and a brilliant premise, but you still have to fill in a tremendous number of details to complete a book. These are the rest of the Russian dolls: The best, most expensive sets contain numerous dolls down to one unbelievably small one at the very center. To build such a well-crafted set requires a lot of work, including writing out all the words you need to realize the premise. Starting with a great outline (third largest doll), your book hierarchy will eventually descend down through chapters, scenes, paragraphs to the selecting of specific words for every sentence – your tiniest doll. This structure brings to life the characters, back story, setting and plot, all of which should excel. Once done, you have a book.

Time

The first three components I’ve mentioned are conceptual in theory. You could do the first two, concept and premise, in your head, and most people do. Once you get to the third, all but the most gifted need to turn to the written word. This takes time. You’ll have to devote enough time to fill upwards of 200 pages, or 50,000+ words, with riveting content.

Time is the biggest and incompressible aspect of a book project. You just can’t get around needing time to finish it. And where does it come from? You have to make it if you are going to succeed.

Imagine a book to be a painting. Some will start with a rough sketch outline. This is the concept. Them you might fill it in with the broadest shapes and colors. This is the premise. Then you need to fill in all the details until the painting is polished and ready to be seen. Depending on the size and intricacy of the painting, this process can take a lot of time.

Do not underestimate the commitment it will take to realize your story. It might take learning new software, editing of multiple drafts in an iterative fashion, and the physical time it takes getting your words into digital format. Many famous authors, like James Patterson, only write on paper. Paper drafts can be typed up, and luckily now it is possible to save more time by using voice to text software and expert transcription.

A catapult

Any book that you finish is a grand personal achievement in itself, but if your goal is publication, the next thing you need to do is get it out the door. A book languishing on your night table will be of use to no one except you. You need a catapult of some sort to fling it off your desk and into the wider world where it can be seen and read independent of you. This catapult, also known as a publisher, can be of the traditional type or it can now be you. Self-publishing is an increasingly viable path, and there are many ways of achieving success as a DIY author. No matter what path you chose, you have to embrace it to get to the final finish line.

Self-confidence

One final element necessary to the creation of any published book is resolution. Without it, you may falter at any step along the way. The road to a published book is likely a multi-year one, and while you want it to be all roses that you can stop and smell, it will have its fair share of thorns as well. You will need an adequate dose of self confidence to get from start to finish. Finishing means possessing the mental fortitude not to give up under internal or external pressures until you reach the end.

Image via ShutterStock.com.

 

The End

 

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This BookBaby blog article Six Things You Need To Write A Book appeared first on and was stolen from BookBaby Blog .

Things I Learned About Storytelling From Stranger Things

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By BookBaby author Alex Kulaev

It’s good practice to reverse-engineer the stories you love most and apply the best storytelling elements to your own writing. Stranger Things had that effect on me, and here’s what I learned.

If you are one of the millions of viewers who got sucked into the world of Stranger Things, you know why the show was such a big hit. A compelling story, great characters, monsters and the supernatural… the list goes on. The show is set in the ’80s in an ordinary small town, but when a boy goes missing, we get to see many secrets rise to the surface, and as this small town becomes torn by shocking events, we’re taken on a trip to the upside down.

This isn’t a Stranger Things review, though. Similar to what I did with “The Jungle Book: Beautiful Film, Flawed Storytelling,” I found several good points I can apply to my own storytelling watching this exceptional show.

Spoiler alert! I’ve done my best not to give too many details away, but if you haven’t watched the show and intend to, you might learn a few things about the story.

1. Get nostalgic

People read and watch movies because they love to forget about the habitual reality they live every day and dive into some other setting, be it a fantasy land filled with magic, a cybernetic future ruled by almighty corporations, or the not-so-distant past with all its charms.

The Duffer Brothers, who created Stranger Things, definitely harnessed the power of nostalgia and hit it spot on. Whether the viewers were remembering the past or got to experience the ’80s for the first time, part of the appeal of the show was tied to the depiction of the time period in which it was set. As much as people love to ponder the future, they love to go back in time to some preciously calmer and simpler moment in history. Perhaps they love going back even more than traveling to the future.

If you are going to set your story in the past, carefully research the time period you’re conjuring up and build it with details and an emotional connection. If you are successful, your readers will want to stay with your book forever.

2. Add allusions to enrich your story

TheThingI just love when writers make allusions to other popular books, movies, shows, games, historical events – or fast food restaurants. As a matter of fact, in my own fantasy book, there’s room for McDonald’s.

Watching Stranger Things, you notice a number of allusions to popular culture of the ’80s.

    • Hanging on the walls are posters from popular movies of those years, like Evil Dead, Jaws, and The Thing (note that the poster of The Thing includes the image of a person with no face)
    • A character who takes the “weirdo,” who possesses paranormal abilities, on a bicycle ride (remember E.T.?)
    • The characters are listening to well-known songs of the ’80s including Foreigner and The Clash, with “Should I Stay Or Should I Go” mirroring the conundrum some of the characters are facing even as they sing or hum the song

And that’s just a few examples – there are many more.

So why do you want to use allusions in your story? Because it adds depth to the world you’re building. Your story gains multiple levels and becomes rich with subtext – your reader will believe he’s experiencing something true, something connected to the world he knows, even if it is an imaginary ghost story. The characters become real people who read the books you know, listen to the songs you remember, who might as well live in your neighborhood.

3. Kill your darlings

I’m not suggesting a crime here, but Stranger Things teaches us writers that we shouldn’t be afraid of killing off our characters, even beloved ones.

This doesn’t mean you need to be a killing junkie like George R. R. Martin, but the unexpected loss of a character can add a feeling of risk to your adventure. After all, what kind of adventure is it if there is no risk of being killed, eaten by a monster, or lost in a parallel dimension with a creepy serpentine tentacle down your throat?

Pay attention to who you kill, though. The death of a third-plane character like the bartender who just served your hero a drink won’t affect your readers (or story) nearly as much as the death of your hero who was just poisoned by that drink.

4. Make your characters change and grow

NancyWe all know how important it is to take your characters on a journey that will change them in some way. They can become stronger or weaker, wiser or maybe even more naive as the story progresses. They can evolve from an ordinary gardener to the president – or they can grow despondent and lose any hope for a happy ending. That’s what people want: a story that affects the characters at the center of it, and Stranger Things never forgets this.

In the pilot episode, we watch four kids playing Dungeons & Dragons who confront the Demogorgon, a hideous creature they’re very much afraid of, though it is only a plastic figurine on the board. As the story unfolds, the kids learn about another dimension, to which their friend disappeared. In order to save their friend, the three of them have to battle a very real monster in a very dark world.

Thanks to this parallel between the tabletop game’s imaginary trouble and the real world trouble, we experience how these ordinary boys, who only play the hero in their fantasy games, grow stronger and become a believable rescue team ready to fight a creature from another world. They become so brave in the process, they are no longer afraid to face the troubles in the real world, like standing up to the bullies in school.

But in Stranger Things, these boys are not the only ones who change. When we first met her, Eleven used to jump at any rustle and didn’t trust anyone. She was also afraid of her special powers. Throughout the story, she learns to trust her new friends and finds confidence in using her powers to save them.

Nancy takes off her rose-colored glasses and stops looking at the world through the eyes of a naive schoolgirl. Her best friend is missing, and when she finds out that it was the monster that took her, she partners with an unlikely confidant and arms herself with a gun. She takes charge, breaks locks with her bare hands (and a rock), and charges headlong into an unknown dimension. After all she experiences, Nancy comes to understand how important her family is to her, particularly her brother, which leads them to a friendship that was not present at the beginning of the story.

5. Pace your mystery

Little by little, Stranger Things builds the mystery and horror in this small town. The creators take the characters you believe in and continuously add details – like Eleven’s flashbacks to her time at the experimental facility – pacing the revelations to propel their story at a slow but measured pace.

And it keeps on coming. Whenever one mystery gets resolved, another is already underway. The viewer is in a constant chase after answers, and Stranger Things strikes a perfect balance of concealing a mystery and offering satisfying answers to our burning questions.

6. Don’t just provide answers, provide satisfying answers

If you’re a master at building mystery and suspense but fail at connecting the dots, your readers will be more than frustrated – they will feel deceived, or worse, betrayed.

Were you a fan of Lost? It started off with such promise, so much potential, and viewers and critics were enrapt. But the creators lost their way (no pun intended) and their desperate efforts to get out of it only led to a disappointing dead end. This case teaches us storytellers that it’s important to not only give answers to the questions we raise, but that these answers must be satisfying for the audience, moving the plot and affecting the readers/viewers as much as the characters in the story.

If you add resolutions but don’t add depth or value to your story, reconsider. You might as well leave those mysteries unsolved rather than making readers angry with the dull answers.

7. Make your monsters really scary

Stranger Things doesn’t show you its hideous monster in full until about three-quarters through the series. You have to go along with obscure bits and pieces of the monster that are shown to you in nearly pitch-black darkness. Seriously, the night and Upside Down scenes in this show are so dark I couldn’t make out the details much of the time.

It comes back to the Lovecraft’s trick of conjuring up fear of the supernatural. A monster that you can’t see is so much scarier than a monster you have a clear view of.


Now that you’ve abandoned your writing to binge watch this excellent show, I hope you’ve learned how many tools you have at your disposal when writing a book. There are more, of course, and it’s good practice to reverse-engineer the stories you love most and apply the best storytelling elements to your own writing. Share your discoveries in the comments section!

 

This post originally appeared on PlayingWriter.com. Reposted with permission.

 

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This BookBaby blog article Things I Learned About Storytelling From Stranger Things appeared first on and was stolen from BookBaby Blog .


Two Stages of Creating A Believable Character

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By BookBaby author The Script Lab

Creating a believable character for your story begins with an initial idea, but the process of developing her into a complex, real personality will require thought and research.

Stage One: General context

In the first stage of general research when creating a believable character for a book or story, it’s always a good idea to begin with what you already know. Your own personal experiences and observations can be a launching pad for exploring the character’s circumstances and motivations.

The general context of the character involves collecting all the facts about the where, when, why, and how this person exists in your story and how he or she interacts and influences the world you’re creating.

Perhaps your hometown will serve as your setting in regard to specific details that serve to enhance your fictional world. You can describe the way the air smells, how the sun shines on the main drag, and how the locals interact.

Garrison Keillor, the host and creator of the radio variety show A Prairie Home Companion (which inspired the 2006 motion picture of the same name) is no stranger to using his hometown roots. A native of Anoka, Minnesota, Keillor broadcasts A Prairie Home Companion from the Fitzgerald Theater in St. Paul, Minnesota. One of the more popular storytelling segments from the show is “News from Lake Wobegon,” a weekly report from the fictitious town of Lake Wobegon, Minnesota, described as “the little town that time forgot and the decades cannot improve, where all the women are strong, all the men are good-looking, and all the children are above average.”

Throughout the segment, Keillor pokes fun at central Minnesota’s large Scandinavian- and German-American communities that he grew up with and knows so well. Using details from your own personal experiences and surroundings will help you create more believable and dynamic characters too. Observing the people you interact with every day, their physicality, mode of dress, emotions, and humor will allow you to give vibrant voices to your main and supporting characters.

If your protagonist has three best friends, why not use your old high school friends as seeds of inspiration? Understanding the people you surround your character with will help you develop believable character actions and reactions within your story, and may help you have them take detours and react differently than you otherwise may have expected.

Stage Two: The deeper dive

After you explore the first stage of researching and establishing the general context of your character – the “what you already know” stage – it’s time to expand and research the more comprehensive second stage, which includes cultural conditions, story location, professional occupation, and historical period.

Cultural conditions
Culture encompasses essentials like ethnic background, educational experience, social conditions, and religious upbringing. 

Growing up in a Greek family, like Toula Portokalos did in My Big Fat Greek Wedding, where laughs are boisterous and hugs are never in short supply, is much different than what it might have been like in a more traditional Middle Eastern family where lips are sealed and you keep your hands to yourself. Characters’ actions and reactions will be greatly affected by the environment in which they were raised. 

If your main character is faced with a catastrophic event, like the death of a loved one, knowing their religion can be key. Does he turn to God? Does it shake his faith? Education level can also affect how a character acts or reacts to any number of situations. How would someone with a college degree versus someone who dropped out of high school react to a major event in your story?

Story location
Location is significant, whether you’re setting your story in a US city or on another planet, because there are rules for every world. It’s important to be specific. If your character lives in New York, as Isaac Mortimer Davis does in Woody Allen’s Manhattan, you have to know there’s a big difference between Times Square, Broadway, Chinatown, and Greenwich Village. If your character is from Los Angeles, does she shop on Rodeo Drive in Beverly Hills so she can be seen by the paparazzi, or does she lay low with the hipsters at coffee shops and micro-breweries in Silverlake or Echo Park? 

When you know the details of the world, you’re on the right track to creating a more distinctive character. 

Professional occupation
Most everyone over thirty has worked some kind of job in their life and has a specific work ethic. Take, for example, Monty and Dean in the movie Waiting… If your character has worked in the restaurant business – or in any service industry – she will most likely have unique attitudes toward food and hospitality and will probably treat her waiter or waitress with reverence when going out for a meal.

Trust fund babies, on the other hand, will probably have a much different attitude towards getting their hands dirty and being a slave to the grind. Arthur‘s Arthur Bach, the heir to a vast fortune, is a happy drunk with absolutely no ambition, and certainly no desire to get to work.

Even though the most important part of developing a character is choosing his or her objective, many times a goal can be a specific career or future dream job. In The Pursuit of Happyness, Chris Gardner is a homeless salesman who takes custody of his son while working as an unpaid intern for the chance to become a professional stock broker.

Historical period
If your character lives in London during the 1960s, he may be partying with the Rolling Stones and experimenting with psychedelic drugs. In 1942, he may be in boot camp preparing to join the Allies for the War in the Pacific. The time period your story is set in affects everything from hygiene to speech to manners within society. Knowing the year, the month, even a specific historical day will help inform and specify your character’s behavior. 

Placing your 17-year-old protagonist in 1951 Virginia proves immensely different than in 1971, after the desegregation of the school system, as is the case in Remember the Titans, where black head coach Herman Boone is hired to lead the football team at newly desegregated T.C. Williams High School. Race relations are just one of many social indicators of any given time in our country, and being true to the social and historical contexts in your story will test your characters’ and your story’s believability.


In sum, the knowledge you have of your character’s culture, location, occupation, and time period is the foundation on which your character navigates his or her story. Truthful dialogue cannot be created without deciding exactly how your character communicates. But before dialogue can be written, you must use all the research you have gathered to form an understanding of how your character thinks.

Your character’s past and present will influence his or her values, concerns, morals and emotions – all of which are crucial tools you must employ to take your character on a truthful, motivated journey towards his or her main objective.

Written by Michael Schilf for The Script Lab.

 

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Four things to decide before you write your memoir

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By BookBaby author Dawn Field

Memoirs are their own class of writing, but they have to adhere to the principles of great storytelling. Here are four things to consider before you write your memoir.

 
A memoir is a special kind of writing. It is not an autobiography – it doesn’t cover an entire life. A memoir is about a particular phase of a life, one with its own beginning, middle, and ending. A memoir is akin to fiction in its being a story; but it is a true story.

Memoirs fall into their own class of writing. Yours is special to you because it is your collection of memories and the meanings attached to them. Ideally, you are writing them down because you think others can learn from them – the good, the bad, the unique. You are trying to inspire, warn, or impart some form of hard-won life lesson that might benefit your reader. Or you’ve lived through an utterly unique life situation that most will never experience. As such, it offers a different perspective that makes it great story material, whether others will envy you or thank their lucky stars they didn’t have to endure what you went through.

The best designed memoirs have a take-away message that stays with a reader, and this is what binds the story. Often this message is captured in the title.

Yes, even though they are fact, life accounts have an element of design in that you need to decide exactly what to tell and how to tell it. This can mean knowing when to dip in and out of real time. You have to give a condensed version of real life, and it has to adhere to the same principles of great storytelling as fiction does.

There are several challenges associated with writing a memoir. Deciding how to cope with each challenge before you begin to write your memoir will greatly accelerate the process of getting your story down on paper.

1. Decide which span of time you are describing.

What is the opening and what is the ending? This is the same as a novel; all good stories have a beginning, a middle, and an ending that contains a climax and brings about a resolution.

2. Decide whether you are sticking with pure fact, or whether you are going to embellish.

Embellishment might only mean changing the names of those involved to protect privacy. Deeper changes might involve the omission of key events, changes in the true chronology of events, or slight changes to help focus the story. For example, two people who helped you along your way might be merged into a single composite character to help the “plot” and the reader. Fiction has a similar balance, but it is often in reverse. Pure imagination is inspired by aspects of the truth. For example, a fictional character might be based on a friend.

3. Decide how personal you are going to get.

The whole purpose of writing your memoir might be to air out everything that happened, especially if your experiences might help someone else know they are not alone in what they are going through. On the other hand, you might be willing to share certain aspects of your life, but not others. Decide where to draw the line and how it will impact the story.

This choice can prove difficult. Key details you may be reluctant to share could be pivotal to the story. If you decide to exclude your motivations for events to keep them private, your plot might suffer or your character may be incomplete, unsatisfying, or inauthentic. Of course, this applies to everyone in your memoir as well. While you might be willing to share details of events and actions that took place, the real people involved may not be, and you’ll have to deal with this. Fiction has a similar aspect in that each author puts some personal experience and a private world view into any work of fiction, it’s just a matter of degree, and what is private is never explicitly defined.

4. Decide the message of your memoir.

Focus everything around this message. What is the take-away a reader should be left with? Remember, the best memoirs are like parables. They are not only intriguing – they help others improve their lives.

What was the purpose of taking the time to write the memoir? How is this message specific to you but universal? How can others relate and what can they draw from it? This is where the power of personal narrative lies. This spirit of the memoir is the magic of the genre.

All the same writing tips that apply to fiction apply to memoir writing. You need to focus on crafting a compelling story that’s accessible and engages your reader. Leave out the mundane details and focus on what makes this a story different from anyone else’s.

Believe it or not, one trap memoirists can fall into is not fully knowing their story. It’s yours, but you yourself change. And just as a fictional character only knows parts of the larger story he’s involved in, you may discover new angles to the story you’re telling. As humans, we grow and learn constantly. Writing your memoir will likely change you as a person. You might be surprised as you dig deeper into your story, and especially as you get feedback from others, that you see things differently from how you first saw them.

And for the sake of the story, per point number two, you might decide to take some poetic license. This can make a project seem quite different as it progresses than it might have appeared at the start. Don’t be surprised if this happens. If you’ve decided ahead of time to stick to pure facts, this will likely not be a variable.

It’s easier to write a memoir when it’s far enough in the past that you have fully processed what happened and have gained perspective on the events. If you are still in the process of trying to understand those events, it might just be too early to write your memoir. Then again, writing, with all the analysis and retrospection it requires, can be a great trigger for moving ahead in life by gaining distance from the past. The more you learn from your own story, the more your readers stand to benefit as well.

 

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Who Am I To Write a Memoir?

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By BookBaby author Nancy L. Erickson

I’ve met hundreds of people who have been through, learned, and discovered things that could change the world, and many ask, “Who am I to write a memoir?”

Most people won’t seriously consider writing a memoir because they don’t think they have an interesting story to tell. We are so accustomed to living our lives and dealing with our personal day-to-day that we lose sight of how interesting and inspirational our struggles, accomplishments, and experiences might be to others. I can’t tell you how many times I’ve heard someone say, “Who am I to write a memoir?”

I’d like to share a story of a remarkable man named Bill who had never considered writing a memoir. When I first met him, we were sitting at a tiny round table in an ice cream parlor, enjoying our blended frozen desserts. I had just started dating my husband, and Bill was his friend. They had worked together several years prior, which was all I knew about Bill, except for the fact that he is blind.

In truth, I had never known a blind person, so I didn’t know what to expect. He got around remarkably well on his own, though in certain shops and stores, he needed a guiding hand to help him get to the counter, place his order, and get to his seat. Once seated, you might not have even noticed he was blind. He didn’t wear dark glasses, and he made eye contact and tracked whomever was speaking with his eyes, which fascinated me. If you hadn’t seen him come in and be seated, you’d never know he was blind.

I asked Bill about his time working with Tom.

“We worked together,” said Bill, “but we worked in different business units. I was a consultant, and he was a tax guy.”

“Consulting can be rough on the home life,” I said. “You probably traveled a lot. Out Monday mornings and home on Thursday nights, right?”

“I lived that way for years,” he said. “That is, until I got shot.”

“Until what?” I asked.

“That’s why Bill is blind,” my husband Tom explained. “He was in Atlanta, and when he came out of the MARTA station with his boss and a customer, some deranged guy jumped out and shot all three of them. Bill’s bullet entered and exited through his temples, and it severed his optic nerve. He’s been blind ever since. The other two guys died. It was weird. I was watching the news and a story came on about two St. Louis people who had been shot in Atlanta. Then they mentioned Bill Johnson and Tony Lake. I couldn’t believe it. I’d just seen Bill the day before he left.”

“Wow,” I said. “That’s terrible.”

I’ll admit, I didn’t realize there were public shootings in 1991. I thought that was a recent thing.

“What happened next?” I asked. “Obviously you went back to work at some point.” Bill had recently retired, so I knew he had finished his career.

“It was an adjustment,” he said. “But it wasn’t really that big of a deal. I realized, ‘This is the way my life is now, so I may as well get on with it.’ And I did.”

“It wasn’t that big of a deal? How can you say that?” I asked.

“It just wasn’t,” Bill replied. “I made up my mind to get back to doing the things I loved as soon as I could. It didn’t make any sense to sit around feeling sorry for myself.”

“Get this,” Tom interjected. “He really did get back to the things he loved. Six months later he was snow skiing.”

“What?” I asked. “How?”

“It wasn’t that complicated,” Bill said. “I just hired a guide and he talked me down the slopes. We communicated through a microphone, and it was really fun. I love to ski and didn’t want to give it up.”

“That’s amazing, Bill. Really inspirational. Have you ever thought to write a memoir?” I asked.

“A memoir?” he snorted. “What would I write about? I wouldn’t have anything to say. I just took things one day at a time and got back to being me. That’s not very interesting. I can’t imagine anybody would want to read about that.” He shook his head, rejecting the idea.

If not a blind skier, who should be writing a memoir?

I think Bill’s story is incredibly interesting, amazing, inspiring, and unusual. I wanted to learn how Bill was able to just accept that he was now blind and needed to carry on. I wanted to know what he did to reenter life and his job, and I wanted to know what allowed him to even think he could snow ski again. Surely he had to deal with all the can’ts: you can’t drive a car, you can’t travel, you can’t work, you can’t go out by yourself… and you certainly can’t ever snow ski. That part of your life is over. You will be in the dark forever.

But Bill didn’t think those things. He put one foot in front of the other and lived what he considered an unremarkable story – which in itself is remarkable, right?

The point is, I was full of questions and hungry for more of his story. He already had me hooked. If I were to read a synopsis of his story, I would definitely buy that book.

Bill isn’t unusual. I’ve met hundreds of people who have been through, learned, discovered, and developed things that can truly change the world – if the world only knew about them. But there’s a nagging voice in their head that tells them they don’t have anything to say, nobody would care about their story, it’s not a big deal, and they have no business writing a book when in fact, the opposite is true. Fortunately Bill is writing his book, and it will be released in June 2017.

So if you ever find yourself saying “Who am I to write a memoir?” remember that you, too, have a remarkable story. You don’t have to be a victim of a shooting or blind. You just have to be you, have lived your life, and learned a few things people ought to know. There’s nothing average about that.

This blog was originally published on The Book Professor Blog. Republished with permission.

 

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The Micro-Memoir: Start Your Memoir With A Moment

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By BookBaby author Dawn Field

A micro-memoir focuses on one moment – maybe only seconds long. Whether it’s the actual start to your book, or just a way to get you to start the writing process, these little scenes will set the stage for the larger story.

So you want to write your memoir, and you’re ready to get started. In a previous post, “Four Things To Decide Before You Write Your Memoir,” I detailed the points you ought to have decided before writing. They include:
1. Decide which span of time you are describing.
2. Decide whether you are sticking with pure fact, or whether you are going to embellish.
3. Decide how personal you are going to get.
4. Decide the message of your memoir.

Now that you’ve figured out these four design principles, you are ready to determine the exact content to include. Maybe you’ve made a list of scenes, lessons to impart, characters to include, and the essence of the “plot.” Even though it is non-fiction, there is still very much a story to tell and storytelling tenets to adhere to.

Now the time has come to start putting words to paper. Where to start? The time leading up to the span of your story? An especially memorable scene for you? The most painful part of your story? The ending, so you can work backwards?

Every writer and each project will inspire a different approach to the beginning – this is just the nature of writing. One good place to start though, particularly in a memoir, is with a single moment. Think of it as a micro-memoir.

In this micro-memoir, you can introduce the pace, style, and voice you will use in your story. Because it is such a defined moment in time, you can apply the same four design questions that you’ll use to inform your larger memoir: What’s the start and end? How true to fact will you be? How personal will you get? What is your take-home message?

Moments aren’t spans of time. They are literally moments – maybe 30 seconds or less. That is what makes them so powerful. They are emotional or physical turning points. The second a car crashes into you, you come home to find your house burning, get the first sight of a newborn, the slammed door that let you know for sure you are getting divorced after years of doubt, the lightning bolt of clarity that told you to leave your job, propose, climb Mt. Everest, etc. These make great reading, but they also make great writing, especially if you are just starting. You know exactly what happened, it is a brief period in time, and it’s exceedingly interesting.

Events that qualify as moments can also be key realizations and decisions that define you. They will explain to readers who you are, why you acted the way that you did, and hopefully provide life lessons or inspirations they can use in their own lives.

Whether you are a novice to writing or a seasoned author, it can help tremendously to start with a charged scene. The art of telling a good story is deciding exactly what to share and what to leave out. If your memoir is about coping with a bad marriage, you may have had endless fights, but you don’t need to describe them all to make your point in the book. Which do you chose, and why? Which ones make the most telling and poignant moments and give the reader the clearest insights into your challenges and internal workings? Might you actually need a composite fight, in which the details are drawn from truth, but the actual fight is fictional?

Learning to pull out iconic moment is key to the art of memoir writing, just as it is for fiction.

Either a moment will pop into your head as the obvious place to start, or you may need to make a list and think about them for a while. Either way, you are doing the work of writing your memoir. You are sifting through and prioritizing your memories. Unless you’ve kept a diary with all the details you need, you’ll be doing a lot of this – pulling information, thoughts, feelings, and memories from your personal archive. You’ll be filtering, morphing, and polishing them for public consumption.

Once you pick a perfect moment to work with, find its essence and start to write. You don’t need to aim for a word count. It can be short. Use the space and time you need to get it down. You’ll learn a huge amount from the process and be able to apply it to writing all the other scenes. Do the hairs stand up on your neck when you write? Is it spilling out of you so fast you can’t type quickly enough? Are you feeling pain, happiness, or anger? Is it transporting you back to the moment? Is the process leading you to remember other things you might have repressed or simply forgotten?

You are learning what writing your memoir might feel like. No matter what you’ve done before in life, you can’t fully predict what it will be like to write part of your life down in words – until you’ve done it, that is.

How quickly do you finish writing the moment? Does it take hours, days, weeks? Or are you done in minutes and ready to write up the next moment? Is your head exploding with material or calm as a still lake?

Another great thing about starting with a standalone moment is that it’s easy to share. When you are ready, give it to someone to read. Are you getting your message across? Do they feel the message of the moment like you do?

Ideally, your memoir will be a chain of gripping moments, beautifully strung together like pearls on a necklace. Do one, and then another. Find the connective tissue between them as a next step. If you have many of these moments, and you get good at rooting them out of your life experiences, you’ll be on your way towards finishing your memoir in no time.

 

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This BookBaby blog article The Micro-Memoir: Start Your Memoir With A Moment appeared first on and was stolen from BookBaby Blog .

From Book To Film: 10 Great Adaptations

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By BookBaby author The Script Lab

My mission was to list films that aren’t the obvious “go to” movies in a “best book to film adaptation” compilation. I sought to put some lesser recognized movies in the limelight.

Writers have a lot to overcome when it comes to adapting a novel, comic book, historical text, play, or even a TV movie to the big screen. What material should they remain faithful to? Where can they take license to revamp the story? Is there any way to please everyone who liked the original material in the first place?

That final question is the big one. If a story is deemed worthy to cross over to film, there’s more than likely a huge readership – or at the very least a cult following – of the original material, and no, there’s no way to please an entire loyal fan base.

These 10 films have done it better than most, and in many cases, took major creative license by changing a significant amount of the original material to make the movie work. These films epitomize a rare feat in book to film adaptions: the movie version was so good, audiences on the whole didn’t bother about their loyalty to the original work. Simply put, these films stand alone.

By the way, this was a really hard list to put together. My mission was to list films that aren’t the obvious “go to” movies in a “best book to film adaptation” compilation. Yes, there are some undeniable, classic films on this list _ and others that could have made it – but I sought to put some lesser recognized movies in the limelight to get their due praise.

10. Stand by Me (1986)

book to film: stand by meBased on a Stephen King novella called The Body, Rob Reiner’s dark ode to nostalgia and the love/hate camaraderie young men form during adolescence still stands as a great film. Screenwriters Raynold Gideon and Bruce A. Evans deserve a lot of credit, as they capture King’s tendency toward morbid humor as four young teens embark on a trek to find a dead body. Kiefer Sutherland deserves recognition for his portrayal of the psychotic “older kid” (Ace Merrill), and the film earns accolades for its potency in capturing the picturesque era of the late ’50s.

9. JFK (1991)

book to film: JFKOliver Stone’s JFK is the ultimate conspiracy theory movie because it includes every conspiracy theory about the JFK assassination ever concocted. Stone and Zachary Sklar’s adaptation of two dense historical texts (Jim Marrs’ Crossfire: The Plot That Killed Kennedy, and Jim Garrison’s On the Trail of the Assassins) about a niched subject takes an impossible cluster of contradictory ideas and presents them in a way that actually make sense. Yes, the film is over three hours long, but it packs in all the permutations of the JFK assassination theories into one movie, so it wasn’t ever going to be short. Plus, if you weren’t already aware, this film offers definitive proof that Gary Oldman was born to play creepy guys in his scene stealing portrayal of Lee Harvey Oswald.

8. Sin City (2005)

book to film: sin cityA case where the original author penned the screenplay, Frank Miller and Robert Rodriguez took four stories from Miller’s Sin City graphic novel series (That Yellow Bastard, The Hard Goodbye, The Customer Is Always Right, and The Big Fat Kill) and used them as scripts. Almost all the dialogue in the film is word for word from the graphic novels, just as it should be, as the Sin City graphic novel series stands nearly perfect when it comes to niched genres. It nails pulp to perfection, defines the noir genre just as well as Chandler or Hammett, and adds a sprinkle of A Clockwork Orange ultraviolence to add ironic (if not heavily criticized) humor to the material. Rodriguez did right by having Miller write the screenplay (though, I imagine Miller simply handing copies of the graphic novels to the cast and crew), and then went a step further by providing a co-directing credit for Miller. Rodriguez quit the Director’s Guild of America to make this happen, but he knew where credit was due, and was willing to suffer the consequences. More than anything, the graphic novel’s visual adaptation is what makes this film so enthralling.
 

7. Fight Club (1999)

book to film: fight clubChuck Palahniuk, the author of the novel Fight Club, has gone on record stating that he thinks David Fincher’s film version is superior to the original work. Now… either Palahniuk is the most self-deprecating, no-ego novelist in history, or Fincher actually exceeded the book with his faithful film adaptation. It’s probably a bit of both, but Fincher can thank screenwriter Jim Uhls for this high praise. With the exception of two revised plot points – how “Jack” meets Tyler Durden, and the ending – Uhls remains completely faithful to the anarchic, supremely dark comedy that’s at the heart of the novel. One of the definitive films to wrap up the 20th century, Fight Club can be said to have inspired millions of people to read the book. I love imagining what Palahniuk’s thank you note to Fincher and Uhls may have looked like.

6. The Treasure of the Sierra Madre (1948)

book to film: treasure of sierra madreThe powerhouse Walter Huston/Humphrey Bogart double cross, adventure, western, heist movie based on the novel by B. Travern stands the test of time and is a go-to movie of inspiration for some of the world’s best filmmakers (Spielberg for Raiders of the Lost Ark and Paul Thomas Anderson for There Will Be Blood to name two big ones). Director and actor John Huston directed the movie and penned the screenplay, proving that vision and practical production skills – combined with a great literary work – can add up to spin an iconic film that redefines the original story, arguably giving it more clout than it ever had before.

5. Midnight Cowboy (1969)

book to film: midnight cowboyJohn Schlesinger’s buddy movie between a naive, Cowboy culture obsessed gigolo (Jon Voight as Joe Buck) and a gimpy, homeless con man (Dustin Hoffman as Ratso Rizzo) is a classic. Waldo Salt’s adaptation of the novel by James Leo Herlihy would set the tone for films in the 1970s – bleak, cynical, and critical of society. That said, Midnight Cowboy is one of the most inspiring stories written for the screen: a tale that defines the importance of the person-to-person bond in times of total, unforgiving struggle. Salt’s version of Herlihy’s novel is beyond daring, given the time period. Salt had a lot of pressure from the studio to water it down, and even possibly make the Joe Buck role friendly (a la Elvis Presley). But once Schlesinger came on board, there was no way the studio could touch the script. When the film was released, the Motion Picture Association of America didn’t know what to do with it, so it was saddled with an “X” rating, but still went on to win Best Picture, Best Director, and best Adapted Screenplay (it’s the only X-rated film to win an Oscar in any category). The film rating was changed to “R” in 1971.

4. 12 Angry Men (1957)

book to film: 12 angry menThere’s a large group of film aficionados who are fanatical about 12 Angry Men, Sydney Lumet’s film about a jury of 12 totally pissed off male jurors who just can’t agree on the guilt or innocence of a young, supposed murderer. For whatever reason it took me a long time to get around to watching this one, in spite of its “classic” status, but the reasons this movie earns so much attention were abundantly clear as I watched it. The story takes place in one room, in real time, and it never gets boring. In fact it gets more interesting as it goes. A rare film on this list not adapted from a book, the script was adapted by Reginald Rose, based on his own teleplay of the same title. One of the best elements of this film are the characters – the jury is comprised of wholly different personalities. Some jurors are assholes, some are congenial guys, and some are just kind of invisibly there. But they all get angry at some point or another. There’s a lot more to be said about this film, but you should just see it for yourself, it deserves your full time and attention. I’ve met film nerds who are just as obsessive and nuts about this movie as they are about Star Wars. No joke.

3. All the President’s Men (1976)

book to film: all the president's menIn a year dominated by original screenplays (Network, Taxi Driver, Rocky, to name a few), Alan J. Pakula’s Watergate extravaganza was certainly the standout adaptation of the year. Much like JFK, screenwriter William Goldman had to synthesize innumerable amounts of conspiracy theories, but at least had a solid Bible to go by: the Washington Post‘s sprawling, whistleblower account via the journalistic sleuthing by Carl Bernstein and Bob Woodward that exposed Nixon’s deception to the American people. The sheer importance of the story makes this movie a must-see, though its relevance when it was originally released – just two years after Nixon’s resignation – is hard to comprehend. This film put a face on what had coaxed Nixon to leave office rather than stand trial, and while the American public knew Woodward and Bernstein’s names, Dustin Hoffman and Robert Redford’s performances helped give some satisfaction to what had actually transpired and who the men really were. Goldman’s ability to weave an intricate, almost film noir, script out of fact makes this film a solid, historical text for future generations to study.
 

2. Dr. Strangelove or: How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love the Bomb (1964)

book to film: dr. strangeloveI had to throw a Kubrick film on this list (I bet you thought it was gonna be A Clockwork Orange!), and yes, this is the one I feel is most worthy to make the cut. Strangelove is based on the Cold War, nuclear age thriller novel Red Alert by Peter George, and when the novel originally caught Kubrick’s attention, he and George attempted to adapt it as a true thriller. Upon getting further and further into the script, they found that (for whatever reason) the subject matter would be far more interesting if approached from the absurd, comedic end of the spectrum. Enter co-writer Terry Southern, and the true Strangelove was born. This is a rare example of what I mentioned in the preface: a film whose original material was critically hailed to begin with, and even when totally changed and reconceived, it maintained and even grew its audience. Dr. Strangelove is a masterwork, the satire film to define all others.
 

1. The Graduate (1967)

book to film: the graduateFor the record, when I compiled this list, I didn’t realize I had three Dustin Hoffman films on here, but I wasn’t going to remove one just to avoid that. The guy’s just that good, and so are all of these films. Director Mike Nichols’ sophomore follow up to Who’s Afraid of Virginia Woolf? (another adaptation, almost equally highly-regarded as this one) struck a cultural chord with America that turned into a phenomenon. Calder Willingham and Buck Henry’s adaptation definitely did wander outside of the confines of Charles Webb’s novel, namely by adding more wit, personality, and nuance to the script than included in the book. Not to mention the casting choice of Hoffman for Ben Braddock, who was described in the book as a blonde, boyish, tall, surfer chap. Obviously, Hoffman was none of these things, but still won the part, and we still all buy his performance. It definitely changed the inflection of the overall story somewhat (as he wasn’t as conventionally attractive as the book version of Ben), but again, this arguably added a more distinct personality to the story.

Written by Michael Schilf for The Script Lab.

 

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Plotting the emotional map of your book

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By BookBaby author Dawn Field

The emotional map of your book is different than the plot, though the two are tightly related. Being aware of this emotional current can bring clarity to your writing, and is a powerful way to progress your story.

Every story has an emotional map. It’s behind the words on the paper, but if designed well, is extremely easy to follow.

The emotional map is a breakdown of how a reader should feel at each point in the book. For example, these types of signposts might be part of your emotional map:

  • Here the reader should be thinking the main character is dead, so when she shows up alive, it’s a huge surprise.
  • Here the reader should believe this couple is deeply in love, so the fact that she is having an affair comes as a huge surprise.
  • Here the reader needs to feel the pain of a long farewell so they understand why the husband goes AWOL from the war’s front line and walks home to his wife.

Shaping your words – and the order of events in your story – to accentuate the emotion underneath is a powerful way to heighten your narrative and make your book come alive for readers. Good books are much more than one emotion, after all. A complex web of shifting, evolving feelings is what makes a story gripping.

A great book is a rollercoaster of deep emotions. You might spend a lot of time slowly climbing a hill, knowing you are going to race to the ground on the other side. Other times, the change in direction is a total surprise.

What is the lay of the land of your plot? What are the peaks and troughs your reader must travel? Is your reader sad, then happy, then heartbroken, then euphoric? Is she scared along the way? Extremely tense? Cold? Hot? Lost?

If you are adept as a writer, you can even get across mixed and conflicted emotions with clarity. If you’ve done your job, your reader will feel what your characters feel, in all their complexities.

Your emotional map and plot go hand in hand

The emotional map of your book is different than the plot, though the two are tightly related. In your plot, a character might be escaping from a monster, but the emotion will be fear or exhilaration. In your plot, your main character might be getting married, but the prevailing emotion could be joy, regret, or a sense of panic. In the case of panic, the next plot point might be your bride escaping out the window.

Just as your plot is driven by your words, so is your emotional map. It lurks beneath your words, invisible – yet has a huge impact on your reader. You can break down and list all of the emotions as they appear in any story. Content, elated, distraught, scared, grieved, panicked, relieved, peaceful, satisfied. An emotion might last a paragraph, or a page, or a few pages. You might have mixed emotions that ebb and flow to create nuanced patterns.

Just being aware of this emotional current can bring clarity to your writing, and actively working on an emotional level to drive your characters and plot can be a powerful way to progress your story. When you start to look at text this way, you can see some interesting patterns.

Kurt Vonnegut went as far as to make graphs of the overall shapes of stories according to the good or ill fortune of the main character. Knowing the overarching emotional tone of each part of your story is key to writing compelling scenes.

How quickly do your emotions change? Are there oscillations? Is there a steady climb towards resolution or sadness over sections of your book? The key goal is to create an emotional tapestry that continually shifts and adopts different hues as your characters move through their experiences, but it’s really a map for you as a writer. It’s something you actively create with your imagination, and it’s something you need to stick to.

If you make a character really sad, you have to give the reader a map to how he transforms into another state. A character can’t suddenly go from disappointed to suicidal without a compelling reason. This is all part of the emotional logic of your story. If done well, it will draw your readers along, pushing their emotional buttons in a satisfying way. If done poorly, they might just put down the book in discomfort.

How well does your emotional map come across to readers? It’s not something you put into words directly. It’s there through what you show your reader, an emergent property of all the words you use.

All writers are told to “show don’t tell.” Much of “tell” is your emotional map, and the skill with which you provide evidence for your “tell” will largely define your success in conveying your story and attracting readers.

It could be that much of your early drafts will be telling, as your emotional map shows through in the background. You need to recognize it and remove it in subsequent drafts. The words on your emotional map will be very different from the ones you put on the page. If, over the next few pages, you know your heroine will be extremely melancholic, you won’t ever say that. You will use your words to explain what is causing her to be sad and how she is reacting and how other characters react. Your emotional map says “sad” and your words explain the details.

You can make good use of your emotional map when working at any stage of your book – it is as useful as an outline. In the first complete draft of your book, even if all the words aren’t perfect yet, the emotional arc of the story should be clear. You should be able to think about, shuffle, tweak, overhaul, and work from your emotional map to make your words and story better. Writing to the emotional point of any part of your work will help you see what to cut as chaff and what to amplify to evoke the desired feelings in the reader. Even a few beautifully selected words can do wonders. Strong word choice is driven by an author’s emotional map.

It’s especially good for when you need to plow through a section you are having trouble with. Can’t get the words right? Make sure the emotional map of the section is in place and sturdy first. It might actually be what’s missing.

Are you ready to plot the emotional map of your book? What does it look like?

 

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This BookBaby blog article Plotting the emotional map of your book appeared first on and was stolen from BookBaby Blog .

The Mokita Of Your Book

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By BookBaby author Dawn Field

Sometimes what your book needs is an elephant or two in the room. That’s what a mokita is, and while we don’t want these elephants in our real lives, they can be powerful agents in your storytelling.

Having an unspoken problem brewing along with everything else in the pot of your story is an excellent way to engage readers, raise the stakes, and introduce conflict. A hidden problem that affects multiple characters in your story makes for particularly rich pickings.

Turning a blind eye to real life problems – or turning a minor indiscretion into a lasting secret just because we refuse to talk about it – is common. In fact, there’s a word for it.

Mokita is a foreign-language word that translates into English only with help of a phrase. Used in the Kilivila language of the island of Kiriwina on one of the Trobriand Islands near Papua New Guinea, it means a “truth we all know but agree not to talk about.”

Having a mokita lurking in your book can rev up your plot line.

Sometimes we hide the truth to put the past behind us. Sometimes it’s necessary to attempt to lead a normal life – to forget about a war, the untimely death of a loved one, a lost child. Sometimes the truth is too dangerous to say out loud, like when you are a fugitive hiding in plain view from the government.

Sometimes we hide the truth to protect loved ones. Unwanted pregnancies, deaths, or affairs can all lead to children who might be loved but are adopted. You might fear a threat, but you don’t tell your children so as not to scare them. You might be dying, but you don’t tell anyone.

A mokita can be many kinds of truths a community might elect to not speak of. We have a related idea which we express in the idiom “the elephant in the room.”

“The elephant in the room” became our “truth we chose to ignore” idiom from the fable “The Inquisitive Man,” written by Ivan Andreevich Krylov in 1814. It describes the visit of a man to a museum where he sees the minutiae but not the elephant.

This is how idioms are born: A word or phrase nails something on the head that previously had no name.

Do you have an elephant in your book that your characters have to deal with? Is one of the characters dying and no one want to talk about? Is the head of the family a womanizing, cheating, drunk, but no one will bring it up at the dinner table? Is the grandfather a suspected Nazi but no one will dig deep enough to find out?

Elephants are a wonderful, visual metaphor. They are intelligent, but huge. You get the immediate sense that all else would be crowded out if an elephant were in the room.

At the same time, having an animal of that size and weight in a confined space with unpredictable humans surrounding it, is a recipe for disaster. Everyone knows that. Provoked, it could trample you.

Elephants like these go by many names.

One such name is suicide. Suicide is an especially heartbreaking form of death. It raises endless questions. What caused it? Did I cause it? How did we not see it coming? Could we have stopped it? The guilt, the loss, and the fear it might happen again are all material for substantial exploration of motivations and consequences.

Drug and alcohol abuse, or any kind of addiction, is also often the name of the elephant. This type of elephant brings with it dangerous behaviors, loss of reputation and social status, failed relationships, recovery, frayed trust, endless loyalty. “Pink elephant” is often used to refer to alcohol abuse. Interventions are emotional bombs authors can detonate within a story, especially if they make them go horribly wrong.

Taboo

Our communal elephants in the room can age and change – and new ones are introduced, as well. Take the notion of “taboo” for instance.

What was once taboo might not be today. Marrying below your status, mixed race relationships, giving up religion, or failing to take on the family business are, ideally, relegated to history. In our society, these situations are not the scandals they once were.

Stories that expose taboos and offer an alternative can be powerful. Stories can also strip taboos bare and render them impotent. Cancer, dementia, and addiction used to be talked about in hushed tones – if at all. Like many other past taboos, today they are out of the closet. Used-to-be elephants can still be a great source of disagreement between young and old, and can be powerful agents in your storytelling.

It also works to put many elephants in the same room. Take a family drama. This is a classic formula for a great book or movie: the family reunion that brings all kinds of skeletons out of the closet. Some might be secrets revealed for the first time, but many are more of the elephant kind.

Or a story that brings together disparate elements of someone’s life. A character dies, and long-lost friends from college and high school and earlier on all come together for the funeral. Out charge the elephants, mixed together with dark secrets and new developments – old friends getting lost in a fit of nostalgia, anger, and sorrow.

Do you have elephants in your story? What are their names? Are they big enough? Do they charge at some point? Is there more than one? If not, maybe you need to invite one in and watch it do its magic.

We don’t want elephants in the room in real life. In fiction, they are extremely welcome.

 

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This BookBaby blog article The Mokita Of Your Book appeared first on and was stolen from BookBaby Blog .


One Thing You Absolutely Need In Your Book

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By BookBaby author Dawn Field

In almost every story, there is a pill that makes something exciting happen. Whether it brings love, stardom, happiness, or calamity in your book is up to you.

Have you ever seen those ads for weight loss supplements? Whether it’s a pill, a drink, or a fad diet, do you really believe anyone lost 50 pounds in a month without a tapeworm – or perhaps losing a limb?

When it seems that good, it can’t be true.

We’d all love to have a magic pill that makes weight drop off. Or pills that do a range of others things, like bring us love, make us rich, or fulfill our other fantasies. But… while it’s too good to be real in this world, such pills are a staple in books. Maybe it’s not weight loss, but it’s always something big.

How about wishing for a love and then the perfect guy falls out of the sky, metaphorically – or perhaps literally, if it’s a sci-fi thriller. He falls head over heels in love with you and only you. This would be the pill in Twilight.

What about a pill that gave you a stratospheric rise to stardom with little effort? Anyone might take that. It never happens in real life, but somehow in books it becomes possible. It works so well, because we want to believe such pills exist.

This is the pill of perfect detectives, who always crack the case. This is what makes Nancy Drew mysteries so delightful. The opening of doors as she tracks down the culprit, and she always does. When the case seems hopeless, Nancy, or Poirot, or even Jack Ryan, just pops another pill and a clue appears.

Want the ability to do magic? That one makes the Harry Potter story. Want to leave an awful home life? Harry Potter too. Go from being a nobody to a somebody everyone celebrates? Again, Harry Potter.

How about “They need you! It can only be you. Here is your mission, if you accept it: Adventure beyond your wildest dreams! Just for you. Let’s get going!” That is Harry Potter again, but we’ll switch it for Star Wars. Becoming the hero, whether you are the prince or the pauper, or Luke Skywalker, is an all-time favorite.

Switched at birth – you are really a princess! That one never fails, like in Sleeping Beauty. It is also the biggest possible surprise for Luke Skywalker (OK, Leia is the princess), but his origins are darker.

The just-a-misunderstanding pill is also wildly effective. Resolutions like, “Your parents will get together as soon as you re-introduce them” is a classic version of this pill and makes The Parent Trap.

“Yes, I’m super rich and I don’t mind that you aren’t.” That’s part of the Fifty Shades of Grey package, along with a crazy, perfect guy (after you solve his problems). You do, of course, which is the meteoric success pill.

“There’s treasure under the floorboards!” This one can be any kind of treasure. Like an alien landing in your backyard. That’s E.T. How many times in the real world do cute, intelligent aliens land on your lawn and make friends?

In pretty much any story, there is a pill that makes something exciting happen, like Mary meeting Peter Pan or Alice finding herself in Wonderland. Whatever that is in your book can be decided by you.

The something exciting can also be something horrid, and it very often is. War is a perennial favorite, but it can be anything. For Hansel and Gretel, it was a very bad witch.

Sometimes horrid is mixed with crazy. As when Snow White gets kicked out of the palace and meets the seven dwarfs.

Any combination can work, and more seems to be a good recipe. Make sure you give your characters enough too-amazing-to-be-true pills.

There is one exception to this rule of the one thing every book needs. That’s when there is a true absence of any and all pills. It’s the sheer lack of them that makes the story. It’s the impossibility of this life, the plodding, constantly thwarted existence that is at its very heart. This would be a Kafkaesque story, or Diary of a Wimpy Kid or the 1987 comedy movie, Planes, Trains and Automobiles in which it proves nigh impossible for Steve Martin to get home for Thanksgiving.

 

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This BookBaby blog article One Thing You Absolutely Need In Your Book appeared first on and was stolen from BookBaby Blog .

Two Stages of Creating A Believable Character

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By BookBaby author The Script Lab

Creating a believable character for your story begins with an initial idea, but the process of developing her into a complex, real personality will require thought and research.

Stage One: General context

In the first stage of general research when creating a believable character for a book or story, it’s always a good idea to begin with what you already know. Your own personal experiences and observations can be a launching pad for exploring the character’s circumstances and motivations.

The general context of the character involves collecting all the facts about the where, when, why, and how this person exists in your story and how he or she interacts and influences the world you’re creating.

Perhaps your hometown will serve as your setting in regard to specific details that serve to enhance your fictional world. You can describe the way the air smells, how the sun shines on the main drag, and how the locals interact.

Garrison Keillor, the host and creator of the radio variety show A Prairie Home Companion (which inspired the 2006 motion picture of the same name) is no stranger to using his hometown roots. A native of Anoka, Minnesota, Keillor broadcasts A Prairie Home Companion from the Fitzgerald Theater in St. Paul, Minnesota. One of the more popular storytelling segments from the show is “News from Lake Wobegon,” a weekly report from the fictitious town of Lake Wobegon, Minnesota, described as “the little town that time forgot and the decades cannot improve, where all the women are strong, all the men are good-looking, and all the children are above average.”

Throughout the segment, Keillor pokes fun at central Minnesota’s large Scandinavian- and German-American communities that he grew up with and knows so well. Using details from your own personal experiences and surroundings will help you create more believable and dynamic characters too. Observing the people you interact with every day, their physicality, mode of dress, emotions, and humor will allow you to give vibrant voices to your main and supporting characters.

If your protagonist has three best friends, why not use your old high school friends as seeds of inspiration? Understanding the people you surround your character with will help you develop believable character actions and reactions within your story, and may help you have them take detours and react differently than you otherwise may have expected.

Stage Two: The deeper dive

After you explore the first stage of researching and establishing the general context of your character – the “what you already know” stage – it’s time to expand and research the more comprehensive second stage, which includes cultural conditions, story location, professional occupation, and historical period.

Cultural conditions
Culture encompasses essentials like ethnic background, educational experience, social conditions, and religious upbringing. 

Growing up in a Greek family, like Toula Portokalos did in My Big Fat Greek Wedding, where laughs are boisterous and hugs are never in short supply, is much different than what it might have been like in a more traditional Middle Eastern family where lips are sealed and you keep your hands to yourself. Characters’ actions and reactions will be greatly affected by the environment in which they were raised. 

If your main character is faced with a catastrophic event, like the death of a loved one, knowing their religion can be key. Does he turn to God? Does it shake his faith? Education level can also affect how a character acts or reacts to any number of situations. How would someone with a college degree versus someone who dropped out of high school react to a major event in your story?

Story location
Location is significant, whether you’re setting your story in a US city or on another planet, because there are rules for every world. It’s important to be specific. If your character lives in New York, as Isaac Mortimer Davis does in Woody Allen’s Manhattan, you have to know there’s a big difference between Times Square, Broadway, Chinatown, and Greenwich Village. If your character is from Los Angeles, does she shop on Rodeo Drive in Beverly Hills so she can be seen by the paparazzi, or does she lay low with the hipsters at coffee shops and micro-breweries in Silverlake or Echo Park? 

When you know the details of the world, you’re on the right track to creating a more distinctive character. 

Professional occupation
Most everyone over thirty has worked some kind of job in their life and has a specific work ethic. Take, for example, Monty and Dean in the movie Waiting… If your character has worked in the restaurant business – or in any service industry – she will most likely have unique attitudes toward food and hospitality and will probably treat her waiter or waitress with reverence when going out for a meal.

Trust fund babies, on the other hand, will probably have a much different attitude towards getting their hands dirty and being a slave to the grind. Arthur‘s Arthur Bach, the heir to a vast fortune, is a happy drunk with absolutely no ambition, and certainly no desire to get to work.

Even though the most important part of developing a character is choosing his or her objective, many times a goal can be a specific career or future dream job. In The Pursuit of Happyness, Chris Gardner is a homeless salesman who takes custody of his son while working as an unpaid intern for the chance to become a professional stock broker.

Historical period
If your character lives in London during the 1960s, he may be partying with the Rolling Stones and experimenting with psychedelic drugs. In 1942, he may be in boot camp preparing to join the Allies for the War in the Pacific. The time period your story is set in affects everything from hygiene to speech to manners within society. Knowing the year, the month, even a specific historical day will help inform and specify your character’s behavior. 

Placing your 17-year-old protagonist in 1951 Virginia proves immensely different than in 1971, after the desegregation of the school system, as is the case in Remember the Titans, where black head coach Herman Boone is hired to lead the football team at newly desegregated T.C. Williams High School. Race relations are just one of many social indicators of any given time in our country, and being true to the social and historical contexts in your story will test your characters’ and your story’s believability.


In sum, the knowledge you have of your character’s culture, location, occupation, and time period is the foundation on which your character navigates his or her story. Truthful dialogue cannot be created without deciding exactly how your character communicates. But before dialogue can be written, you must use all the research you have gathered to form an understanding of how your character thinks.

Your character’s past and present will influence his or her values, concerns, morals and emotions – all of which are crucial tools you must employ to take your character on a truthful, motivated journey towards his or her main objective.

Written by Michael Schilf for The Script Lab.

 

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This BookBaby blog article Two Stages of Creating A Believable Character appeared first on and was stolen from BookBaby Blog .

One Thing You Absolutely Need In Your Book

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By BookBaby author Dawn Field

In almost every story, there is a pill that makes something exciting happen. Whether it brings love, stardom, or calamity in your book is up to you.

Have you ever seen those ads for weight loss supplements? Whether it’s a pill, a drink, or a fad diet, do you really believe anyone lost 50 pounds in a month without a tapeworm – or perhaps losing a limb?

When it seems that good, it can’t be true.

We’d all love to have a magic pill that makes weight drop off. Or pills that do a range of others things, like bring us love, make us rich, or fulfill our other fantasies. But… while it’s too good to be real in this world, such pills are a staple in books. Maybe it’s not weight loss, but it’s always something big.

How about wishing for a love and then the perfect guy falls out of the sky, metaphorically – or perhaps literally, if it’s a sci-fi thriller. He falls head over heels in love with you and only you. This would be the pill in Twilight.

What about a pill that gave you a stratospheric rise to stardom with little effort? Anyone might take that. It never happens in real life, but somehow in books it becomes possible. It works so well, because we want to believe such pills exist.

This is the pill of perfect detectives, who always crack the case. This is what makes Nancy Drew mysteries so delightful. The opening of doors as she tracks down the culprit, and she always does. When the case seems hopeless, Nancy, or Poirot, or even Jack Ryan, just pops another pill and a clue appears.

Want the ability to do magic? That one makes the Harry Potter story. Want to leave an awful home life? Harry Potter too. Go from being a nobody to a somebody everyone celebrates? Again, Harry Potter.

How about “They need you! It can only be you. Here is your mission, if you accept it: Adventure beyond your wildest dreams! Just for you. Let’s get going!” That is Harry Potter again, but we’ll switch it for Star Wars. Becoming the hero, whether you are the prince or the pauper, or Luke Skywalker, is an all-time favorite.

Switched at birth – you are really a princess! That one never fails, like in Sleeping Beauty. It is also the biggest possible surprise for Luke Skywalker (OK, Leia is the princess), but his origins are darker.

The just-a-misunderstanding pill is also wildly effective. Resolutions like, “Your parents will get together as soon as you re-introduce them” is a classic version of this pill and makes The Parent Trap.

“Yes, I’m super rich and I don’t mind that you aren’t.” That’s part of the Fifty Shades of Grey package, along with a crazy, perfect guy (after you solve his problems). You do, of course, which is the meteoric success pill.

“There’s treasure under the floorboards!” This one can be any kind of treasure. Like an alien landing in your backyard. That’s E.T. How many times in the real world do cute, intelligent aliens land on your lawn and make friends?

In pretty much any story, there is a pill that makes something exciting happen. Whatever that is can be decided by the author. This would be stories like Mary meeting Peter Pan or Alice finding herself in Wonderland.

The something exciting can also be something horrid, and it very often is. War is a perennial favorite, but it can be anything. For Hansel and Gretel, it was a very bad witch.

Sometimes horrid is mixed with crazy. As when Snow White gets kicked out of the palace and meets the seven dwarfs.

Any combination can work, and more seems to be a good recipe. Make sure you give your characters enough too-amazing-to-be-true pills.

There is one exception to this rule of the one thing every book needs. That’s when there is a true absence of any and all pills. It’s the sheer lack of them that makes the story. It’s the impossibility of this life, the plodding, constantly thwarted existence that is at its very heart. This would be a Kafkaesque story, or Diary of a Wimpy Kid or the 1987 comedy movie, Planes, Trains and Automobiles in which it proves nigh impossible for Steve Martin to get home for Thanksgiving.

 

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Is it a love story or a romance novel?

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By BookBaby author Dawn Field

You can write a love story outside the romance genre. Romance is a staple of all types of literature. So when is it a “romance” and when is it just a book with a love story? Usually, it’s obvious.

Romance is in the air. So much so, the romance genre dominates the book industry. Following a big bang in the 1980s, romance publishers and sub-genres exploded. Today, love stories enjoy the lion’s share of the market: this infographic shows a full 40% of Amazon’s eBook sales are in the romance genre.

If you thrive on tales of love, writing them can bring big rewards. As author, you call the shots. Conjure the heroine and her hero. Crush their love with seemingly insurmountable obstacles. Mold the perfect HEA, or “Happily Ever After.” You might also draw a paycheck.

As a love affair connoisseur, you’ll know the style of romance book you like to read. Maybe you see a gap in the market and you’d like to try to fill it by bringing a new voice to the fray.

Maybe you’ve watched the documentary Love Between the Covers. The makers of this film rounded up romance authors and devotees to discuss their close-knit community and found that many of the best romance writers joined “the movement” to put stories they wanted to read on the shelf for the first time. Someone had to write the first paranormal romance.

Romancers are quick to point out that this genre foots the bills in the fiction industry. To keep up with demand, leading romance authors leapfrogged from penning one book every two years to producing two to three titles a year. The industry is innovative: embracing eBooks early on, for example, to help sate the voracious appetites of audiences.

Perhaps you’ve been to a Romance Writers of America convention, or a similar event. These are the meet-and-greets of the industry, and you can pick up tips on everything – from editing to cinching up corsets.

Given the regularized patterns of commercial romance novels, you’ll want to figure out where you fit in. Romance has clear and demanding genre expectations. Readers reward creativity, but key rules are etched in stone. You must concoct a great hero and heroine, confound them with obstacles, and make sure love conquers all. No deviations allowed. You must have an HEA.

In the end, romance is still the same old “boy-meets-girl” story. Actually, it’s better described as “girl-meets-boy” as the majority of romance book writers and readers are female. And it’s girl-meets-boy with a big twist: the romance genre is defined by hindrances. Sacrifice – personal, financial, professional, or otherwise – is essential, and don’t think to let it fall on the shoulders of the woman alone. Partners must equally bear the cost of overcoming.

While not overly realistic, seemingly impossible challenges make for compelling fiction. It’s like the whodunit puzzle in a murder mystery. How can you fall in love with the man who bought your family farm and turned it into a shopping mall? How do you fall in love with the son of your family’s sworn enemy – or a soldier from the enemy army? Seeing the road love travels to conquer all is why they’ll pay the price of admission. Everyone knows the ending, which makes the journey the thing that really matters.

The battle for love can be played out in any background: past, present, or future; reality-based or fantasy. You can have any type of couple from any walk of life, just make sure you fit into a sub-genre, or risk trying to become the exception and create your own.

You’ll want to check the requirements for any publishers you are interested in approaching. For example, by convention, romances are written in third person, past tense.

Is it a love story?

Of course, you can still write a love story outside the romance genre. Romance is a staple of all types of literature. So when is it a “romance” and when is it just a book with a love story? Usually, it’s obvious.

Twilight is an epic love story but not a romance. Why? Bella and Edward face the obstacle of his past: he’s a 117-year-old vampire who finds her smell intoxicating. They overcome this relatively quickly, and there is so much more to the story, along with werewolves and marauding vampires, for it to count as “only” romance. This blockbuster is a fantasy with a very memorable love story inside it.

Fifty Shades of Grey is equally focused on a couple, but exceeds the boundaries of “romance” because it strays too far from the formula. It puts Christian and Anastasia together at the get go.

It is also a deal breaker to kill off the hero – or the heroine. With a death, you’re back to love story. The need for an HEA is inscrutable.

So, given that you know the story you’re panting to tell, get on with it: Fill the world with love.

Back to the infographic

Looking at the data, we see 40% of Amazon’s eBook market share belongs to romances, and the genre grosses a whopping $1.14 billion a year. A quarter of bestsellers are romances, and romance novels are the type of book most likely to be read to completion.

We know the length of your book should be 375 pages. On average, each sentence will contain 9.3 words. In 1811, when Jane Austen wrote Sense and Sensibility, the average was 23.7, but times have changed.

For profession, lawyers and detectives rank top for protagonists. So, our couple can be a lawyer-detective duo. The numbers dictate the protagonist be female and America the setting.

But, what if you are a thriller writer? Then you should write a thriller, of course. Just know you’ll potentially meet the tastes of a smaller section of the reading populace. Unless you write a romance thriller that crosses over and grabs romance readers as well…

But of course, this is all academic, and mostly just for fun. In the end, the answer is to write what you are best suited to write, bearing in mind the facts about what this might mean for sales and the size of your readership. The world of traditional publishing is propped up by a huge infrastructure built over decades: going “insider,” when it works in your favor, means travelling on a freeway. Landing on a niche, however small, might mean less competition and a rabid readership.

Though you’ll have difficulty finding a more rabid fan base than in the romance genre. Those folks love a good love story.

 

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This BookBaby blog article Is it a love story or a romance novel? appeared first on and was stolen from BookBaby Blog .

Text and your story’s subtext

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By BookBaby author The Script Lab

Give your readers the equation, but let them do the math. It’s more fulfilling, and keeps your reader engaged, when you let your story’s subtext reveal itself.

If the words we see on the page is the text, all the content underneath is the story’s subtext – the information not explicitly announced by the characters but understood by the viewer or reader as the scene, story, or screenplay unfolds. 

Subtext is a vital part of storytelling. Novelists have no boundaries; an omniscient third-person narrator is free to go into any character’s mind and describe his or her desires, perceptions, and inner thoughts to the reader. Playwrights are a bit more limited: they can’t bring the audience into the head of a character at every point in time in the course of the story, but there are a few tricks they can fall back on. The dramatist can resort to the helpful aside: when all action on the stage stops and a character directly addresses the audience, expressing his or her thoughts, motives, or apprehensions.

This device may achieve its effect in a play, but in a film, it’s not always going to work. Every few minutes – record screech, background action freezes, character looks directly into the camera and goes on an expository exploration. It works for Ferris Beuller and Wes Anderson, but it’s a specific aesthetic.

Subtext lies beneath the spoken lines in a screenplay. Anger, happiness, conflict, guilt, pride, envy – any emotion can be acted but never explained, certainly not through dialogue. A character will never say, “Look at me! I’m experiencing anger over here!” The character expresses the emotion, projects the thought or motivation through action and indirection. As they say, actions speak louder than words. In writer speak, it translates to “show, don’t tell.”

Consider this scene: A man comes home late after a long day (and night) in the office. He’s been drinking, his hair is tousled, and there’s a lipstick smudge on his collar. He stumbles in, exhausted. He puts down his briefcase, hangs his hat and coat, and enters the kitchen, where his wife is banging dirty dishes as if they were bongo drums. The husband asks, “How are you, honey?” “Fine,” she responds coldly, and without giving him a glance, she punctuates her reply by slamming the cupboard door. She promptly exits the room, leaving her husband standing alone, perplexed, when he spots the dining room through the entry door. He walks in with a look of deflated realization dawning over him. Two places are set, a cold, untouched plate of food on one end of the table and an empty bottle of wine at the other. Between them is a present and card which reads, “Happy Valentine’s Day.” 

She said she was “fine,” but the subtext illustrates she is anything but. She feels taken for granted and she’s angry – and for good reason. This scene is powerful, not because it was spelled out for us, but because of the subtext. The writer gives us two plus two, but lets us do the math, and we feel smart when solve the equation.

 

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This BookBaby blog article Text and your story’s subtext appeared first on and was stolen from BookBaby Blog .

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